a/r test 10

in each of the following questions, a statement of assertion is given and a corresponding statement of reason is given just below it. of the statements, mark the correct answer as

a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true and R is false
d) both A and R are false

zoology: evolution 3
1.
A: there was a sudden increase in population of Biston carbonaria over a pre favoured Biston betularia during industrial revolution in britain
R: it occured due to industrial melanism

2.
A: sickle cell anaemia show stabilizing selection
R: harmful alleles persists in a population and heterozygotes have better survival value

3.
A: the random change in frequency of alleles occurring by chance are called genetic drift
R: tsunami lead to bottleneck effect in mangroves

4.
A: in an experiment, two toad species living in same habitat and physiologically, mechanically and genetically compatible, were found to be reproductively isolated
R: members of first toad species show mating in early part of rainy season and members of second toad species show mating in later part of rainy season

5.
A: gradual speciation occurs in both allopatric and sympatric conditions
R: geography determines speciation in both allopatric and sympatric conditions

botany: cell division

1.
A: RBCs occur in G0 phase
R: erythroblasts produce RBCs

2.
A: the generation time in nerve cells is infinity
R: they always remain in intermitosis

3.
A: heterotypical division occur in meiosis II
R: in meiosis II, separating chromatids are similar

4.
A: when cytokinesis I is absent and both cytokinetic divisions occur after karyokinesis II, it is called simultaneous type cytokinesis
R: it occurs in monocots

5.
A: 100 meiosis are required to produce the pollens to produce 100 fruits on a Cyperus tree
R: 1 meiosis produce 1 pollen in Cyperus

chemistry: atomic structure 2

1.
A: energy and angular momentum are quantized in bohr model of atom
R: bohr model successfully explain Li 2+ line spectrum

2.
A: the splitting of spectral lines in magnetic field is known as zeeman effect
R: bohr model explained it

3.
A: humphrey series lie in far infrared region
R: it is produced when electron in outer shell jumps to 6th shell in hydrogen

4.
A: an orbital cannot have more than two electrons
R: the electrons in the orbital creates opposite magnetic field

5.
A: number of spherical nodes in an orbital is given by n-l-1
R: number of nodes in an orbital is n-1

physics: kinematics 3

1.
A: angular displacement is an axial vector
R: rotational effects are represented by axial vectors

2.
A: an ant moves clockwise on this screen. it's angular momentum is perpendicular to the plane of screen away from you
R: direction of axial vectors is given by right hand screw rule

3.
A: if n vectors of equal magnitude makes angle of equal value with each other, resultant is a null vector
R: a vector with zero magnitude having no specific direction is zero vector

4.
A: if three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium then each force is proportional to sine of the angle between the other two
R: lami's theorem states that:


5.
A: minimum number of equal forces required to make the resultant zero is two
R: minimum number of unequal forces required to make resultant zero is three


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a/r solution 9

zoology:

1. a
cervical fistula is reminiscence of those ancestors who had gill slits in pharynx

2. b

3. b
in herdmania and sacculina, larva is more advanced than adults. this decides their phylogenetic position

4. a
darwin's finches are found on galapagos islands and are good example of adaptive radiation

5. b
a realm is a large landscape(generally subcontinental) having its unique biodiversity. south asia (including india) occurs in oriental realm. king cobra is endemic here. kangaroo is found in australian realm. the imaginary line separating oriental and australian realms is called wallace line

botany:

1. b
in CNS, nucleus is a grey matter structure acting as a transit point for electrical signals in a single neural subsystem

2. d
multinucleate animal cell is syncytic and multinucleate plant cell is called coenocytic

3. a
it blocks access by transcription factors needed for gene transcription

4. c
euchromatin contains active genes

5. a
prokaryotic DNA is highly mutable because it have continuous interaction with cytoplasmic components due to absense of nuclear membrane

chemistry:

1. b
rest mass does not mean that electron is static. it rather is the mass of electron moving with a velocity which is too less as compared to velocity of light

2. d
atoms of different elements having same mass number are called isobars

3. b

4. a

5. a
when white light is passed through a chemical solution, radiations of certain wavelengths get absorbed appearing as dark lines in rather continuous spectrum, making absorbtion spectrum discontinuous

physics:

1. a

2. a

3. d
maximum height is u^2/2g at time u/g

4. a
polar vectors are those which have a starting point(displacement) or a point of application(force)

5. a

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a/r test 9

in each of the following questions, a statement of assertion is given and a corresponding statement of reason is given just below it. of the statements, mark the correct answer as

a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true and R is false
d) both A and R are false

zoology: evolution 2
1.
A: cervical fistula is a form of reversion
R: the reappearance of some ancestral organ is known as atavism

2.
A: neoceratodus, lepidosiren and protopterus are lung fishes
R: lung fishes are connecting link between pisces and amphibia

3.
A: herdmania and sacculina show retrogressive evolution
R: development of less elaborate adult from an advanced larval stage is called retrogressive evolution

4.
A: darwin's finches show adaptive radiation
R: an evolutionary process giving rise to new, closely related, species adapted to new habitat is known as adaptive radiation

5.
A: king cobra is adaptive to oriental realm
R: wallace line prevents interaction of king cobra and kangaroo

botany: nucleus
1.
A: in neuroanatomy, a nucleus is a CNS structure composed of grey matter
R: the vestibular nucleus store head motion information and guides eye movements via vestibulo ocular reflex

2.
A: an animal cell containing multiple nucleus is called coenocytic
R: multinucleate condition in plants is called syncytium

3.
A: genes present in heterochromatin are inactive
R: increased methylation of cytosines in CpG islands of DNA, decreased acetylation of histones and increased methylation of lysosine-9 in histone H3, provides binding site for heterochromatin protien 1

4.
A: euchromatin forms the bulk of chromatin
R: the genes are not transcribed, i.e, inactive

5.
A: prokaryotic DNA is highly mutable as compared to eukaryotic DNA
R: the main function of nuclear envelope is to protect DNA from mutagenic effects of cytoplasmic enzymes

chemistry: atomic structure
1.
A: the rest mass for electron is 0.0005486 u
R: electron is assumed moving while calculating rest mass

2.
A: Ar-40 and K-40 are isotones
R: atoms of different elements having same mass number are called isotones

3.
A: black body radiation and photoelectric effect were limitations of electromagnetic wave theory
R: planck's quantum theory explained them

4.
A: emission spectrum can be continuous or discontinuous
R: if source emits white light, it is continuous and if source emits some coloured radiation, it is discontinous

5.
A: absorption spectrum is always discontinuous
R: light from source is first passed through a chemical solution and then analysed

physics: kinematics 2

1.
A: above graph is a distance time graph of a body falling freely under gravity
R: it shows that v=gt

2.
A: the above graph is the acceleration time graph for a body falling freely under gravity
R: the value of acceleration as depicted by the graph should be 9.8 m/s^2

3.
A: the above graph is the displacement time graph for a body projected vertically up
R: the maximum height attained is u/g

4.
A: force is a polar vector
R: polar vectors are vectors with a point of application

5.
A: moment of inertia and stress are tensors
R: any physical quantity with no direction but having different values in different directions is called tensor

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a/r solution 8

zoology:

1. d
analogy is always seen between two animals and not two parts of same animal.

2. b
the organs having similar origin to perform different functions are homologous

3. c
coccyx/caudal vertebrae are vestigial

4. a
neopilina is a mollusc with body segmentation as annelid characteristic

5. b

botany:

1. b
oxysomes/F1 particles are present on cristae and cause phosphorylation

2. a
golgi apparatus (dictyosome in plants) secretes hemicellulose for the formation of cell wall

3. a
acrosome consists of golgi bodies and secretes enzymes that dissolves the egg layers and lead to entry of sperm nucleus into egg

4. d
both a/r were true if Mg 2+ was stated in place of manganese

5. c
lysosome initialises cytokinesis. they reach periphery of cell and burst leading to dissolution of cell membrane called invagination and initialises cytokinesis

chemistry:

1. a

2. a
air expands on heating and density decreases so hot air is lighter. it follows charles law

3. a
by graham's law of diffusion

4. c
real gases obey ideal gas equation only if pressure is low and temperature is high because at low pressure and high temperature the volume occupied by gas molecules is negligible as compared to total volume of gas and force of attraction and repulsion between gas molecules is negligible

5. a

physics:

1. b

2. a
when net force is perpendicular to velocity, uniform circular motion occurs

3. a
direction of force is decided by direction of acceleration which is always downward here

4. c
direction of force is given by direction of acceleration and net acceleration have two components here one parallel and one perpendicular to direction of velocity

5. a

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a/r test 8

in each of the following questions, a statement of assertion is given and a corresponding statement of reason is given just below it. of the statements, mark the correct answer as

a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true and R is false
d) both A and R are false

zoology: evolution

1.
A: forewing and hindwing of dragonfly are analogous to each other
R: the organs having similar origin to perform same function are called analogous

2.
A: the wing of a ird is homologous to your forearm
R: homology show divergent evolution

3.
A: a part of vertebral column is vestigial in human beings
R: humans dont need vertebral column anymore

4.
A: Neopilina is a connecting link between mollusca and annelida
R: neopilina is a mollusc with segmented body as annelid character

5.
A: biogenetic law states that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
R: there are two type of recapitulation- morphological and biochemical

botany: cell structure 2
1.
A: oxysomes are present on cristae
R: if F1 particles are absent, phosphorylation will stop in mitochondria

2.
A: dictyosome play key role in forming cell wall
R: dictyosome secrete hemicellulose

3.
A: golgi bodies play key role in human fertilisation
R: the chemicals secreted by acrosome lead to entry of sperm nucleus into egg

4.
A: 40S subunit join to 60S subunit in high concentration of manganese to form 80S ribosome
R: if manganese concentration is increased 10 times they form 120S dimer

5.
A: important function of lysosomes are digestion, autophagy and autolysis
R: lysosome play no role in mitosis

chemistry: gaseous state
1.
A: mountaineers have to carry oxygen cylinders to avoid altitude sickness
R: at altitudes as atmospheric pressure is low, air is less dense and less oxygen is available for breathing. this is explained by boyle's law

2.
A: a hot air balloon rises up in the air
R: charle's law is behind it

3.
A: equal volume of two gases A and B diffuse through a porous pot in 20 and 10 seconds respectively
R: molar mass of A is 80 and B is 20

4.
A: real gases obey ideal gas equation only if pressure is low or temperature is high
R: in high pressure and low temperature, volume occupied by gas molecules is negligible as compared to total volume of gas and force of attraction between gas molecules is also negligible

5.
A: the white cloud like trail that we see coming out of a jet flying at high altitude is due to sublimation of microcrystalline ice coming out as exhaust
R: ice when evacuated below 0 degree, sublimes, i.e, converts directly to vapours

physics: kinematics

1.
A: a particle move from A (X1,Y1,Z1) to B (X2,Y2,Z2), displacement is given as (X2-X1)i^, (Y2-Y1)j^, (Z2-Z1)k^
R: displacement can be positive, negative or zero

2.
A: when net force is perpendicular to direction of velocity, it just changes its direction and not magnitude
R: this results in uniform circular motion

3.
A: when ball is thrown vertically up, only magnitude of v change and not its direction
R: force is parallel or antiparallel to v

4.
A: in projectile motion both magnitude and direction of v change
R: force is antiparallel

5.
A: the above graph shows both acceleration and retardation
R: vehicle was first retarded and then accelerated in opposite direction

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a/r solution 7

zoology:

1. b
louis pasteur proved biogenesis by swan neck experiment in which swan neck acted as the control of the experiment, ie, in one of the flask, the neck was straight and in the other it was swan like

2. c
coacervates can divide but microspheres cant

3. c
pre biotic soup contained complex sugars and nucleotides. miller's experiment provided much simpler compounds like alanine, aspartic acid, formic acid etc. miller's experiment proved that premitive atmospheric conditions could have led to the origin of life

4. b
chemosynthesis was the first form of autotrophic nutrition evolved on earth. photosynthesis came much later with origin of BGA (blue green algae)

5. a
the presence of genetic machinery and the maternal inheritance of mitochondria and chloroplast proves that they existed as independent prokaryotes initially

botany:

1. b
Eudorina (16, 32 or 64), Pandorina (8-16 or 72) and Tetraspora (4) have fixed number of cells due to their genetic regulation. growth is due to growth in size of cells

2. c
only protiens are responsible for permeability

3. a
phaeoplast is the chromoplast containing fucoxanthin as main pigment

4. d
assimilation of CO2 takes place in dark reaction and do not require chlorophyll. PS I is present in thyllakoids

5. b

chemistry:

1. b
zinc blende and wurtzite are polymorphs of ZnS

2. a
note that in the first question the answer for similar statements was taken as b and here it is a, this is becuse reason is the correct explanation of assertion here. in the first question, reason was stated as example. if you reverse the position of a/r in question 1 , the answer will change to a. similarly on reversing a/r in question 2, the answer will change to b

3. a
the separation of a mixture of gases on the basis of their rate of diffusion is called atmolysis

4. b

5. c

physics:

1. a
length, mass and velocity are independent of each other and thus can be taken as fundamental quantities(time will not be fundamental quantity then). mass, time and velocity can also be taken (length will not be a fundamental quantity then). however, velocity=length/time. so, length, time and velocity can't act as fundamental quantities together, because fundamental quantities do not depend on other quantities in the group

2. d
radian and steradian are called supplementary units, base units are 7

3. b

4. b
angle have radian as unit but is a dimensionless quantity, similarly many other quantities are dimensionless but have units but unitless quantities are always dimensionless

5. c

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a/r test 7

in each of the following questions, a statement of assertion is given and a corresponding statement of reason is given just below it. of the statements, mark the correct answer as

a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true and R is false
d) both A and R are false

zoology:
topic: origin of life

1.
A: Louis Pasteur proved biogenesis by his swan neck flask experiment
R: the control in his experiment was- swan neck of the flask

2.
A: coacervates and microspheres can be differentiated on the basis of "ability to divide"
R: microspheres can divide, coacervates can't

3.
A: the primitive atmosphere consist of water, ammonia and methane and was highly reducing
R: Miller's experiment produced Haldane's pre-biotic soup

4.
A: first form of autotrophic nutrition was chemosynthesis
R: photosynthesis was developed by blue green algae

5.
A: mitochondria and chloroplast initially existed as independent prokaryotes
R: the presence of genetic machinery in them and their maternal inheritance proves this fact

botany:
topic: cell structure 1

1.
A: Eudorina, Pandorina and Tetraspora have fixed number of cells
R: growth of organism takes place by increase in cell size

2.
A: plasma membrane is differentially permiable
R: both lipids and protiens are responsible for this property

3.
A: diatoms, brown algae and dinoflagellates contain phaeoplasts
R: fucoxanthin is their main pigment

4.
A: chlorophyll is necessary for assimilation of CO2 in green plants
R: PS I is present in stroma

5.
A: chloroplast and mitochondria show maternal inheritance
R: they have 70S ribosome

chemistry:
topic: basic concepts

1.
A: the existence of a compound in two or more different crystalline forms is called polymorphism
R: zinc blende and wurtzite are polymorphs

2.
A: alums are isomorphs
R: the existence of different compounds with similar chemical compositions in same crystalline form is called isomorphism

3.
A: U-235 and U-238 are separated by converting them into hexafluorides
R: their hexafluorides are gaseous and have different rates of diffusion

4.
A: the avogadro number is equal to the number of molecules present in one gram molecule of nitrogen gas
R: nitrogen molecules contain 2 nitrogen atoms

5.
A: H2S, SO2 and H2O follow law of reciprocal proportions
R: law of definite proportions state that when two elements combine to form two or more chemical compounds, then the masses of one of the elements which combines with a fix mass of the other, bears a simple ratio to one another

physics:
topic: units and dimensions

1.
A: length, mass and velocity can act as fundamental quantities in a system of units; mass, time and velocity also can but length, time and velocity can't
R: the fundamental quantities are those quantities which do not depend on other quantities in the system

2.
A: there are 9 base units in SI
R: radian and steradian are base units

3.
A: the limits of a derived quantity in terms of base quantities is called dimensional formula and raised powers on the base quantities are called dimensions
R: dimensions does not depend on the units of quantity

4.
A: a dimensionless quantity may have unit
R: all unitless quantities are dimensionless

5.
A: the principle of homogeneity of dimensions state that dimensions on both sides of equation must be same
R: an equation which is dimensionally correct is also practically correct

one of our readers-anonymously but aptly suggested that the test series should be topicwise for enhanced practise! thanks for suggestion! it has been followed up!
another reader-vignesh, suggested a very fine tip on solving a/r questions, that can be viewed anytime in my scrapbook on orkut!
more readers suggestion and comments are invited! make this blog better for your sake!

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a/r solution 6

Biology:

1. A

Transmission of nerve impulse across synapse is accomplished by neurotransmitter, low molecular mass substances released in minute amounts at interneural, neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions. Most widespread transmitter is acetylcholine

2. A

All terrestrial mammals are air breathers. Because of terrestrial habitat they have well developed lungs for air breathing.

3. C

There is no chance of transmission of malaria to man on the bite of male anopheles as their mouth parts are organised to feed on fruit juice and leaves and they cant even bite humans

4. C

Thiamin or vitamin B1 deficiency causes beri beri

5. D

Minerals take part in biological reactions and are thus biologically active. Anaemia is caused by deficiency of iron

Physics:

1. C

A laser is a highly monochromatic and nearly parallel beam of light and can be focussed with high intensity and thus can drill holes. Torch light beam disperses away and is less intense

2. C

Converging lenses can also form virtual images

3. D

4. B

As radio waves are electromagnetic waves, they can be polarised

5. A

According to Newton’s corpuscular theory of light, newton explained refraction as being due to the attraction of the light particles by the particles of the medium making light rays bend in the boundary. But, if this were the case, the velocity of light in a denser medium should have been more than that in rarer medium. But this is actually not so. The velocity of light in air is more than that in water

Chemistry:

1. A

Principal quantum number represent the name, size and energy of shell to which the electron belongs. Higher is the value of n, greater is the distance of the shell from the nucleus and hence greater is the energy

2. A

According to aufbau principle, the unfilled shell with the lowest n+1 value should be filled first. Therefore, 4s is filled prior to 3d

4s = 4+0=4

3d= 3+2=5

3. B

The ideal gas equation is PV=nRT

For a fixed number of moles, it is clear that PV=constant for constant T

4. A

In isothermal expansion, temperature is maintained constant so internal energy change is zero (^E=0)

^E=q+w q=heat w=work done so q=-w

This shows that work is done by the system at the expense of heat absorbed

5. A

Alkali metals have very low value of ionisation energy as compared to other metals. So electrons are excited with low energies, like flame and imparts colour

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a/r test 6

in each of the following questions, a statement of assertion is given and a corresponding statement of reason is given just below it. of the statements, mark the correct answer as

a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true and R is false
d) both A and R are false

biology:

1.
A: transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse is accomplished by neurotransmitters
R: neurotransmitters are good means to conduct electrical signals through synaptic cleft

2.
A: all terrestrial mammals are air breathers
R: because of terrestrial habitat, they have well developed lungs for air breathing

3.
A: there is no chance of transmission of malaria to a man on the bite of a male anopheles mosquito
R: it carries a non virulent strain of plasmodium

4.
A: thiamin deficiency results in beri beri causing paralysis
R: people eating raw fish may also suffer from paralysis due to deficiency of vitamin B1. cooked fish has no such effect

5.
A: minerals are not biologically active substances
R: some individuals suffer anaemia due to deficiency of copper

physics:

1.
A: a laser beam of 0.2 W can drill holes through a metal sheet whereas a 1000 W torch light cannot
R: the frequency of laser is much higher than torch light

2.
A: virtual images are always erect
R: virtual images are formed by diverging lenses only

3.
A: in series LCR circuit, the resonance is equal and opposite to the capacitive reactance
R: at resonance the inductive reactance is equal and opposite to the capacitive reactance

4.
A: radio waves can be polarised
R: sound waves in air are longitudinal in nature

5.
A: corpuscular theory fails in explaining the velocities of light in air and water
R: according to corpuscular theory light should travel faster in denser media than in rarer media

chemistry:

1.
A: the energy of an electron is largely determined by its principal quantum number
R: n is the measure of most probable distance of finding the electrons around the nucleus

2.
A: the 19th electron in potassium atom enters into the 4s orbital and not 3d
R: n+1 rule is followed for determining the orbitals of lowest energy state

3.
A: for an ideal gas at constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant
R: the mean square velocity of the molecules is inversely proportional to mass

4.
A: heat energy is completely transformed to work during isothermal expansion of gas
R: during isothermal process, the changes in internal energy of a gas due to decrease in pressure is nullified by the changes due to increase in volume

5.
A: alkali metals impart colour to the flame
R: their ionisation energies are low

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a/r solution 5

Biology:

1. A

In recombinant DNA technology, E.coli and yeast are widely used host for replication and amplification of recombinant DNA because of their fast reproduction rate and easy mutability

2. B

3. D

Interferons are not antibodies. These are protiens produced by the cells in response to foreign particles and they do not stimulate inflammation

4. A

5. C

Physics:

1. A

Specific gravity is former name of relative density and relative density is the ratio of density of substance to the density of water

2. D

Frictional work is not completely recoverable as total mechanical energy is not conserved. The frictional force is therefore called a non conservative or a dissipative force

3. C

When glass surface is made rough then the light falling on it is scattered in different directions due to which its transparency decreases

4. A

Adibatic expansion produces cooling

5. The process of nuclear fusion can be explained with the help of concept of binding energy per nucleon. Binding energy for Cl-35 is large,making it stable and thus, cant be used as fuel for fusion

Chemistry:

1. D

Ba(OH)2 is soluble in water

2. C

SeCl4 possess see saw geometry, which can be regarded as a distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure, having one lone pair of electron in the basal position. See-saw geometry arise due to sp3d hybridisation and distortion in shape is due to lone pair

3. A

Depression in freezing point is a colligative property which depends on the number of particles. The number of particles are different in case of benzene and water that is why molecular weight of acetic acid determined by depression in freezing point method is also different

4. A

In case of hydrogen, compressibility factor increases with the pressure. At 273K, Z>1 which shows that it is difficult to compress the gas as compared to ideal gas. In this case repulsive forces dominate

5. Hydrolysis of methyl chloride to methanol follows SN2 reaction. In contrast to protic solvents, which decrease the rate of SN2, polar aprotic solvents(DMF) increases the rate of SN2 reactions by raising the ground state energy of nucleophile

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